Motorcycle Road Trip Packing List for 2024

An open road beckons, beckoning with the promise of excitement, the feeling of wind in your face, and vistas that can only be experienced on two wheels. It is essential to make adequate preparations, regardless of whether you are planning a short weekend holiday or an extended multi-state expedition. The purpose of this motorcycle road trip packing list for 2024 is to walk you through everything you need to bring with you on your motorbike road trip so that it is safe, pleasant, and unforgettable.

Contents

Motorcycle Road Trip Packing List for 2024

Taking a big motorbike trip in 2024? This detailed motorcycle road trip packing list for 2024 will get you set to travel. This list includes pre-trip bike checks and maintenance, tools, spare parts, camping supplies, numerous layers of clothing, weather protection, and more to fix, secure, navigate, and survive long days in the saddle far from home. Follow our tips for loading your machine and making the most of space to ensure a safe, efficient, and enjoyable bicycle ride all season. Our checklist will help you maintain your bike for a worry-free journey. Before departing, a thorough inspection and tune-up of your motorcycle helps ensure a trouble-free ride.

Tires

  • Check tread depth – Should have >1/16 inch of tread. Replace if worn.
  • Ensure proper inflation – Check tire pressure when cold, inflate to specification in owner’s manual.
  • Inspect for damage – Scan for cuts, punctures, bulges, or cracks.

Fluids

  • Change oil and filter – Keep engine oil fresh.
  • Check fuel and oil lines – Scan for leaks or deterioration.
  • Inspect brake fluid – Top off if low. Flush fluid at least annually.
  • Check coolant system – Top off anti-freeze/coolant mix if needed.

Electrics

  • Charge and load test battery – Replace if weak or more than 2-3 years old.
  • Check terminals and connections – Clean corrosion, tighten loose connectors.
  • Test lighting – Replace burnt out headlight, brake, turn signal or tail light bulbs.

Brakes

  • Assess pad thickness – Replace if worn below specification.
  • Check brake fluid – Flush systems at least annually.
  • Adjust lever and pedal positions.

Chain and Belt

For chain or belt driven motorcycles:

  • Lubricate and inspect chain – Replace excessively stretched or damaged chains.
  • Check sprocket teeth – Replace worn sprockets to extend chain life.
  • Adjust chain tension to specification.

Bolts and Fasteners

  • Check critical bolts and fasteners – Tighten any that are loose. Don’t over-torque.

Suspension and Steering

  • Check fork seals for leaks – Replace leaky seals.
  • Assess shock preload – Adjust per loading of trip.
  • Ensure smooth steering operation.

Completing this inspection checklist spots issues early and reduces chances of roadside delays. Prevention is the best policy for motorcycle road trips.

Packing Gear and Supplies

Proper motorcycle gear keeps you comfortable and protected on long days traversing the open road. Pack wisely – limited storage space means prioritizing necessities.

Helmets and Protective Gear

  • Helmet – Full face helmet offers the most protection. Must be high visibility and DOT approved.
  • Eye protection – Pack clear and tinted visors.
  • Riding jacket – Choose durable, protective material with armor and ventilation.
  • Motorcycle pants – Reinforced material with knee armor.
  • Gloves – Full-fingered for protection and ventilation.
  • Boots – Over ankle style with oil resistant soles.
  • Rain gear – Waterproof jacket, pants, gloves and boot covers. Essential even in sunny climates.
  • Base layers – Moisture wicking shirts, underwear and socks to stay cool/dry.

Well constructed riding gear enhances comfort, allowing you to go the distance. Don’t cut corners here.

Tools and Spare Parts

Even well maintained motorcycles can have unexpected mechanical issues. Packing a small tool kit and key spares eliminates many headaches:

  • Tire plug kit – Temporarily repairs small punctures.
  • Tire pressure gauge – Essential for checking pressure.
  • Jumper cables – Recharge a weak battery.
  • Electrical tape – Quick roadside wiring fixes.
  • Zip ties – Improvise broken brackets and mounts.
  • Bungee cords – Secure loose loads.
  • Multi-tool – Knife, screwdrivers, pliers and hex keys.
  • Flashlight – For night repairs or setup. Headlamp allows hands-free work.
  • Duct tape – Field repairs of all kinds.
  • Spare fuses – Carry common sizes to replace blown fuses.
  • Spark plugs – Allow replacing fouled plugs roadside.

Space is also wisely used packing key spares:

  • Front/rear bulbs
  • Throttle/clutch cables
  • Brake pads
  • Fuse links
  • Chain master link

With a well-stocked tool kit and spares, many roadside crises can be averted, saving the ride.

Motorcycle Security

Preventing motorcycle theft is also essential. Useful security deterrents include:

  • Disc brake locks – Lock front/rear wheels and prevent rolling.
  • Tow cable and padlock – Secure to fixed object in vulnerable parking locations.
  • Cover – Provides an extra layer of security when parked overnight.
  • GPS tracker – Can help authorities recover a stolen bike.
  • Motorcycle alarm – Audible alert triggered by tampering.

Securing your motorcycle protects your investment and ensures your return home. Don’t invite crime by leaving it unattended unsecured.

Clothing and Toiletries

Once riding gear is handled, packing regular clothing items makes trips more convenient:

  • Shirts and socks
  • Underwear
  • Shorts
  • Swimwear
  • Hat/beanie
  • Lightweight pants
  • Sweatshirt/fleece jacket
  • Walking/hiking shoes – Protect feet off the bike
  • Flip flops – Comfortable casual footwear
  • Bandanas – Protect from sun, dust
  • Towel
  • Toiletries – Toothbrush, soap, medications

Packing layers allows adapting to unpredictable weather often encountered on motorcycle trips. Items like sweatshirts and water-resistant layers prove invaluable when conditions change.

Roll clothes to conserve space and consider packing soft saddlebags or duffel bags that compress when empty. Wearing a jacket with storage pockets also creates more packing room.

Electronics and Navigation

Today’s motorcycles feature more electrics than ever. Use handy gadgets to enhance the journey:

  • Mobile phone – Emergency calls, communication enroute
  • Charging cables – Ensure ability to recharge devices
  • Extra batteries – For GPS, cameras, devices
  • Headset/earbuds – Listen to music, take calls underway
  • Cameras – Capture trip memories
  • GPS navigation – Use phone apps or dedicated motorcycle units for navigation
  • Mobile wi-fi hotspot – Data for trip planning on the go
  • Laptop/tablet – Backup and edit photos, write blogs

Ensure expensive devices are properly secured and waterproofed before heading out. Carrying electronics adds significantly to trip convenience and fun.

Camping and Sleep Systems

For overnights, carrying quality camping gear eases roughing it on the road. Compact equipment designed for motorcycles makes packing easier:

  • Tent – Lightweight backpacking-style tents pack smallest
  • Ground cloth – Protect tent floor from moisture
  • Sleeping bags – Choose compression sacks for reduced volume
  • Sleeping pad – Insulates and cushions hard ground
  • Camp pillow – Inflates small, enhances comfort
  • Headlamp – Hands-free for nighttime camp chores
  • Camp chair – Sit comfortably around the fire
  • Water filter/treatment – Make local water safe for drinking
  • Camp stove – Boil water, cook meals roadside
  • Eating utensils – Plate, bowl, cup, spork
  • Lighters/fire starters – Essentials for the campfire
  • Rope/cord – Secures gear, aids set-up

Look for space-saving designs on all gear. Soft bags allow squeezing bulky items into gaps not utilized. Prioritize keeping essentials compact, dry, and secure while riding.

Food and Water

Carrying adequate food and water also tops the list of motorcycle trip essentials. Extended travel on desolate roads makes re-supply difficult.

  • Energy/granola bars – Pocket snacks for quick calories
  • Trail mix/dried fruit – Healthy pick-me-ups
  • Sandwich materials – Bread, peanut butter, lunchmeat
  • Canned goods – Soups, vegetables, or meat varieties
  • MRE’s – Lightweight, shelf-stable, just add hot water
  • Powdered drinks – Carry more liquids via powdered formats
  • Water – Fill all available space in saddlebags, tail bag, tank bag
  • Water treatment – Filter, treat local water to supplement packed supply
  • Insulated bottle/food jars – Keep food and drinks cooler, protect electronics from melt water

As with all gear, the mantra is packability, versatility and durability. Items doing double duty maximize usable space.

Tools and Supplies

Additional items that prove valuable on extended motorcycle road trips:

  • Multi-tool pliers – Fix bolts, screws, other repairs
  • Roll of quarters – Payphones, vending
  • Heavy duty zip ties – Improvise repairs
  • Paracord – Gear fixes, towing, clothesline
  • Knife – Utility purposes
  • Cash in small bills – Toll roads, entrance fees, incidentals
  • Sunscreen – Prevent painful burns
  • Sunglasses
  • Prescription medications
  • First aid kit – Bandages, ointments, medicines
  • Tire plug kit with CO2 inflator
  • Jumper cables
  • Tow strap
  • Rags – Wipe hands, tools, bike
  • Paper towels
  • Emergency blanket
  • Fire starter
  • Hand warmers – Take chill off in cool weather

Important Documents

Carrying key personal documentation is mandatory during motorcycle travel. Important items include:

Identification

  • Driver’s license
  • Passport/Visas – For international journeys, ensures re-entry
  • Insurance cards – Proof of motorcycle insurance coverage
  • Health insurance card

Vehicle Information

  • Motorcycle registration – Proves ownership
  • Insurance policy documents

Emergency Contacts

  • Emergency phone numbers
  • Medical history – Blood type, allergies, medications

Maps and Directions

To avoid getting lost:

  • Motorcycle GPS – Preloaded routes and maps
  • Paper maps/atlas – Always wise to have backup navigation
  • Written directions – Spotty cell coverage makes digital maps unreliable in remote areas

Payment and Funds

  • Debit/credit cards – Inform issuer of travel dates to prevent declined transactions
  • Cash – Smaller vendors may not accept plastic
  • Travelers checks – Secure funds

Photocopying all critical documents twice provides redundancy if originals are damaged or misplaced. Leave one set of copies home with a relative and keep the second set secure in separate motorcycle luggage while traveling.

Packing It All Together

With gear selection finalized, properly packing the motorcycle securely contains items and balances loads. Start with:

  • Hard saddlebags – Water resistant protection for delicate items
  • Tail pack – Expandable soft storage straps over rear seat
  • Tank bag – Accessible storage for maps, snacks, phone

The Tetris-like packing puzzle begins tail first, ensuring weight does not shift radically fore/aft during motion. Heaviest items like tools and spare parts mount closest to the rear axle to centralize mass. Use all available crevices between bags and frame. Soft duffel bags conform to gaps unlike hard boxes. Routing bungee cords over the seat and through bags stabilizes the load. Waterproof everything possible. Cover luggage with a tarp during long rains.

Leave room for souvenirs discovered along the way. Above all, check saddlebag mounts, straps and bungees periodically, cinching them down to counteract stretching from vibration. Losing road side cargo is no fun, especially on fast roads.

Final Touches

With all gear and equipment loaded, finishing touches enhance safety and the ride itself:

  • Program GPS routes and destinations
  • Sync devices and backup data online
  • Print emergency contacts info
  • Confirm hotel/camping reservations enroute
  • Notify banks/cell provider of travel plans
  • Check weather forecasts along the planned route
  • Fill any remaining crevices in bags with socks and clothing to prevent shifting
  • Double check tie downs, straps and bungee cords securing the load
  • Get a full night’s rest before embarking!

Women’s Packing List for Motorcycle Trip

women's packing list for motorcycle trip

Besides the usual motorcycle travel gear, ladies who hit the wide road on two wheels have special packing considerations. When getting ready for a multi-day ride, it’s important to think about how to keep yourself comfortable, safe, clean, and well-maintained while away from home. This packing list is designed specifically for women riders. It includes items that are essential for cold weather layers, personal safety, hygiene, first aid, and more. Feel confident with your gear!

Motorcycle Tools and Gear

As with any ride, begin preparations by selecting durable, protective riding apparel and ensuring your motorcycle is road-ready.

Riding Gear Basics

  • DOT certified helmet – Full face offers most protection
  • Eye protection – Pack clear and tinted visors
  • Motorcycle jacket – Durable material with armor
  • Riding pants – Reinforced layers, knee armor
  • Motorcycle boots – Over ankle is crucial
  • Gloves – Full fingers provide essential protection
  • Base layers – Moisture wicking garments
  • Rain gear – Waterproof top to bottom

When shopping, women should try gear on for proper fit. Manufacturers like Dainese and Rev’It design suits, jackets and pants specifically contoured for the female form.

Tools and Supplies

Be prepared for minor roadside repairs and breakdowns by packing:

  • Multi-tool pliers
  • Tire plug kit
  • Jumper cables
  • Zip ties
  • Electrical tape
  • Bungee cords
  • Flashlight or headlamp
  • Socket set and wrenches
  • Common fasteners
  • Spare lightbulbs
  • Fuses
  • Spark plugs
  • Flare vest – Improves roadside visibility

Space permitting, also carry chain lube, brake fluid and extra engine oil. Useful extras include gloves, shop towels and a headlamp or flashlight for gear diagnostics at night.

Clothing and Footwear

Packing versatile layers for variable weather during long distance rides means carrying compact clothing that layers:

Base Layers

  • Synthetic or merino T-shirts
  • Long underwear
  • Underwear
  • Wool hiking socks

Insulating Layers

  • Fleece sweater
  • Soft shell jacket
  • Thermal top
  • Flannel button down

Outer Layers

  • Waterproof jacket with hood
  • Down puffer vest
  • Rain pants
  • Wool beanie
  • Neck warmer
  • Waterproof winter/snow gloves

Footwear

  • Hiking boots – Protect feet off bike
  • Camp shoes – Lightweight around camp
  • Water sandals – Stream crossings
  • Flip flops – Casual wear

Nightwear

  • Thermal base layers
  • Wool socks
  • Eye mask
  • Ear plugs

Choose wool, synthetic and quick-drying materials. Cotton gets heavy and cold when wet – avoid it. Durable fabrics withstand abrasion stuffed in tight bags. Clothing offering UPF sun protection helps prevent painful burns.

Pack layers loose in water resistant bags like Eagle Creek Pack-It cubes to keep organized. Compression dry sacks save space. Stuff items into jacket pockets and gaps between hard gear to fully utilize each crevice while consolidating bulk in bags.

Toiletries and Personal Care Items

Extended travel makes carrying toiletries and feminine products critical. Useful items include:

Bath and Body

  • Deodorant
  • Baby wipes – Simplify clean up
  • Towel – Pack microfiber for compact absorption
  • Tampons and pads – Resealable bags keep protected
  • Menstrual cup – Low maintenance option
  • Hand sanitizer
  • Bar soap in case – Biodegradable when camping
  • Toothbrush and paste
  • Contact lens supplies
  • Nail clippers
  • Q-tips
  • Moisturizer and lip balm
  • Sunscreen

Hair Care

  • Shampoo and conditioner
  • Detangling spray
  • Hair ties and clips

Safety and Comfort Items

  • Pepper spray – Defense if threatened
  • Urinary director – Aid discreet roadside bathroom stops
  • Medications and basic first aid items

Waterproof Ziploc bags individually contain liquids and gels securing against leaks. Avoid items in easily punctured cardboard. Refillable travel bottles carry more in less space.

Toothbrushes, combs and hairbrushes handle road grime best with protective cases. Durable cosmetic bags neatly store all loose items.

Personal Safety Gear

Traveling solo intensifies safety considerations. Useful items giving peace of mind on the road include:

  • Whistle – Signal for help
  • Pepper spray – Deter attacker if assaulted
  • Knife – Utility and protection
  • Paracord bracelet – Creates tripwire alert and garrote
  • Keychain alarm
  • Door stop – Wedge under hotel doors preventing intrusion
  • Motion alarm – Alerts to unwanted night visitors
  • Firearm – If properly trained and legally licensed
  • GPS tracking device – Hidden on bike aids recovery if stolen

Avoiding vulnerable situations remains the best means of preventing trouble. Maintain vigilance around strangers and never share travel plans with those met on the road.

UseRiderz offers a useful women-specific safety course teaching street strategies. Attending self defense training also boosts confidence responding to threats.

Navigation and Communication Gear

Pack reliable devices to navigate enroute and stay connected:

  • Smartphone – Maps, communication lifeline
  • Portable charger – Essential for phones/electronics
  • 12v charger – Plugs into bike to recharge devices
  • Headset – Listen to music and take calls underway
  • Satellite messenger – Sends texts and SOS from remote areas
  • Two-way radios – Talk to other riders beyond cell range
  • Emergency locator beacon – Sends rescue signal if injured

The Spot Gen3 and inReach Mini satellite communicators transmit outside cell coverage via private satellites. Waterproof cases secure phones against weather. Carrying backups prevents getting stranded if electronics fail.

Luggage and Packing Considerations

With gear selected, packing it all securely maximizes stability and space:

Luggage and Storage

  • Saddlebags – Water resistant protection
  • Tail pack – Expandable rear bag
  • Tank bag – Quick access storage

Packing Tips

  • Heaviest gear lowest and centered
  • Use all gaps between bags
  • Soft duffels conform to space
  • Bungee items tightly
  • Waterproof generated documents

Check load security every stop – vibration loosens straps over time. Compress clothing layers and bulky items with packing cubes and compression sacks to stabilize mass.

Avoid riding with helmets or electronics on tail packs which bounce violently. Use protective cases securing delicate items in padded saddlebags less prone to abrupt shifts.

Cold Weather Gear

When planning trips in cooler climates or during colder months, carrying compact layers makes chilly miles or nights more bearable:

Warm Layers

  • Long underwear
  • Fleece pants
  • Insulated jacket
  • Balaclava
  • Thermal socks

Cold Weather Riding Gear

  • Electric jacket liner
  • Heated vest
  • Gauntlet winter gloves
  • Silk glove liners
  • Thermal socks
  • Grip warmers
  • Heated grips
  • Heated insoles

Warm packs for boots and gloves banish icy digits. Wind blocking outer layers prevent dangerous chill and keep rain out. Store chemical hand and toe warmers for when stranded needing quick relief.

In sub-freezing temperatures, consider footwear and gear containing Thinsulate or Primaloft insulation for lightweight, maximum warmth. Heated clothing wired to a motorcycle battery powers through cold miles comfortably.

Camping and Overnight Gear

For multi-day trips involving camping, useful items include:

  • Compact tent
  • Lightweight sleeping bag
  • Inflatable sleeping pad
  • Packable camp pillow
  • Headlamp or flashlight
  • Camp chair
  • Water filter or treatment
  • Camp stove
  • Eating utensils
  • Lighter
  • Paracord
  • Towelettes
  • Trowel

Look for ultra-compact backpacking style tents with low profiles securing tightly in wind. Inflatable sleeping pads provide insulation and cushion hard ground. Soft items like sleeping bags and jacket stuff neatly to fill voids around hard saddlebags.

Some additional camping items handy just for women:

  • Portable bidet
  • Urinary director
  • Menstrual cup
  • Baby wipes

Choose quality gear favoring durable over disposable – products lasting years reward the investment.

Motorcycle Food Ideas

Identifying foods tolerating transport well keeps energy steady across long stretches between towns. Shelf stable foods to consider:

  • Beef jerky
  • Protein/granola bars
  • Mixed nuts and dried fruit
  • Peanut butter and crackers
  • Canned fruits, vegetables, beans, meat
  • MRE entrees – Just add hot water
  • Powdered meal replacement drinks
  • Instant oatmeal packs

Balance diet with fruits offering antioxidants and fiber. Resealable plastic containers consolidate leftovers after restaurant stops. Insulated bottles keep perishables like yogurt and sandwiches edible longer sans refrigeration enroute.

Coffee drinkers never regret packing a lightweight percolator and ground beans firing up roadside. Sweeteners, creamers, herbal tea bags also brew up nice hot drinks anytime.

First Aid Items

Illness or injury far from hospitals merits packing a first aid kit designed for women’s needs. Stock essentials:

Medications

  • Ibuprofen/naproxen – Cramp/pain relief
  • Antihistamines – Allergic reaction treatment
  • Antacids – Heartburn/indigestion
  • Anti-diarrheal medicine
  • Prescriptions – Ensure ample supply

Wound Care

  • Gauze pads
  • Medical tape
  • Antibiotic ointment
  • Alcohol wipes
  • Nitrile gloves
  • CPR mask

Tools

  • Scissors
  • Tweezers
  • Safety pins
  • Thermometer

Miscellaneous

  • Sunburn spray
  • Antiseptic towelettes
  • Heat/cold packs
  • Sam splint – Temporary limb support

Customizing first aid kits saves money while focusing supplies on actual needs. Add any personal medications carried regularly at home.

Insurance, Documentation, and Finances

Never ride cross country without key documentation:

  • Motorcycle registration
  • Insurance cards
  • Identification
  • Passport/visas
  • Emergency contacts

Also carry:

  • Towing coverage documentation
  • Cash in small bills
  • Debit/credit cards
  • Numbers to report lost payment cards

Inform card issuers of travel dates preventing declined transactions from fraud alerts. Carry paper maps as navigation backup. Confirm all reservations while still in cell coverage.

Photograph all cards and documents. Leave one set of copies home with listed contacts and keep a second set on the motorcycle or uploaded safely online.

Waterproof zipper plastic bags organized in tank/tail bags protect important papers keeping them readable. Carry a waterproof passport pouch on your body for security.

Final Touches Before Departing

After packing commences, helpful pre-launch checks give peace of mind before departure:

  • Text trip contacts planned route and check-ins
  • Confirm maps/GPS sites enroute
  • Study weather forecasts – Adjust route as needed
  • Test communications devices for coverage gaps
  • Set security passcodes devices
  • Waterproof/backup data online
  • Spot check load security one last time!

Frequently Asked Questions About Motorcycle Road Trips

How do I plan the route for a multi-state motorcycle trip?

Plot daily segments under 250 miles to allow sightseeing time. Mark waypoints at fuel stops, food, lodging and top attractions. Use scenic byways avoiding interstates when possible. Apps like Rever provide motorcycle-friendly routes.

How much gear can I realistically carry?

Packing space depends on motorcycle model. Typical capacities range from 25-60 liters in rear hard saddlebags, 8-18 liters per side case, 8+ liters in tank/tail packs. Soft bags gain more volume when not full. Prioritize necessity over luxury.

What foods travel well on motorcycle trips?

Non-perishables like snack bars, jerky, nuts, plus canned soups, vegetables and fruits make convenient motorcycle cuisine. Foil pouches of tuna, chicken or salmon supplement meals. Dried camp fare including freeze dried entrees reconstitute easily with hot water.

How much water should I pack for a cross country ride?

Carrying 2-3 liters onboard with ability to replenish and filter water enroute is recommended. Tank bags like those from Giant Loop accept integrated hydration bladders for easy access. Bottles wearing neoprene wraps stay cooler longer.

What happens if it rains heavily on a multi-day trip?

Pack quality raingear top to bottom to stay dry and patrol forecast closely using smartphone apps. If truly heavy weather threatens, coordinate indoor stays rather than camp. Waterproof gear covers and bags provide backup protection from downpours.

How can I reduce bulk of cold weather layers, jacket, etc.?

Compression sacks vacuum pack bulkier soft goods like sleeping bags and jackets to half their normal size. Some riders secure larger items like jackets to tail packs using bungees for increased capacity while preserving access.

What key spare parts should I carry?

Beyond tools, always pack spare fuses, bulbs, brake pads, stator bolts, fuel line, spark plugs, clutch cable, throttle cable matching your bike. An emergency kit with tube patches proves invaluable for roadside flat repairs.

How can I prevent my smartphone from dying mid-trip?

Carry at least two backup charging sources – portable USB battery packs best. Waterproof/shockproof the phone. Download offline maps in Google Maps app allowing navigation sans data. Enable Airplane mode then reenable Wi-Fi/Bluetooth selectively to conserve power.

What motorcycle luggage and tail pack brands are most durable?

Top performing saddlebag makers include SHAD, Givi, Nelson Rigg and Cortech. Look for reinforced stitching and weatherproof zippers on tail packs by Giant Loop, Wolfman Luggage and SW Motech. RotopaX pioneered mountable auxiliary fuel cans now copied widely. Hard cases from Hepco & Becker, Enduristan and Touratech carry electronics safely.

Conclusion: Gear Up for the Open Road

Spending some time before you point your front tire down that first lonely highway planning and packing is time well spent for your 2024 motorbike road trip. This all-inclusive motorcycle road trip packing list for 2024 checklist will help you get ready for your motorbike ride, choose sturdy luggage, gather tools for the trail ahead, pack comfortably for camp, and plan for any unexpected problems that may arise, such as mechanical issues or severe weather. That way, you won’t have to worry about any unpleasant surprises while you’re far from home.

You may enjoy the open road and picturesque byways at every bend with a clear head if you prepare well in advance. In the next year, when adventure calls, be prepared to embark on a once-in-a-lifetime bike ride by following these guidelines!

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